Initial

.gitignore

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+# Compiled object files
+*.o
+*.hex
+
+# Executables
+*.exe
+*.out
+*.elf
+
+# Build directories
+build/
+bin/
+
+# IDE and editor files
+.vscode/
+.idea/
+*.sublime-project
+*.sublime-workspace
+
+# Dependency directories
+lib/
+vendor/
+
+# Log files
+*.log
+
+# OS generated files
+.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db

main.c

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+/*
+ * This code utilizes the AVR libraries for I2C and UART communication.
+ * Make sure to connect the SDA and SCL pins of the ATmega328P to the
+ * corresponding pins of your I2C temperature sensor. Additionally, you might
+ * need pull-up resistors for the I2C lines.
+ */
+
+#include <avr/io.h>
+#include <util/delay.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#define LED_PIN PB5  // Define the pin connected to the LED
+#define TEMP_SENSOR_ADDR 0x48
+#define TEMP_REG_ADDR 0x00
+#define BAUD 9600
+
+void initI2C() {
+    // Set the prescaler to 1
+    TWSR &= ~(1 << TWPS0);
+    TWSR &= ~(1 << TWPS1);
+    // Set the bit rate to 100kHz
+    TWBR = ((F_CPU / 100000) - 16) / 2;
+}
+
+void I2C_start() {
+    // Send the start condition
+    TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWSTA) | (1 << TWEN);
+    // Wait for the start condition to be sent
+    while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT)))
+        ;
+}
+
+void I2C_stop() {
+    // Send the stop condition
+    TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWSTO) | (1 << TWEN);
+    // Wait for the stop condition to be sent
+    while (TWCR & (1 << TWSTO));
+}
+
+void I2C_write(uint8_t data) {
+    // Load the data into the data register
+    TWDR = data;
+    // Start transmission of data
+    TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN);
+    // Wait for the data to be sent
+    while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT)));
+}
+
+uint8_t I2C_read(uint8_t ack) {
+    // Enable TWI, generate ACK (if ack = 1) and clear TWI interrupt flag
+    TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (ack << TWEA);
+    // Wait until TWI finish its current job (read operation)
+    while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT)));
+    // Return received data
+    return TWDR;
+}
+
+void initUART() {
+    // Set baud rate
+    UBRR0H = (uint8_t)(F_CPU / (BAUD * 16UL) - 1) >> 8;
+    UBRR0L = (uint8_t)(F_CPU / (BAUD * 16UL) - 1);
+    // Enable receiver and transmitter
+    UCSR0B |= (1 << RXEN0) | (1 << TXEN0);
+    // Set frame format: 8 data, 1 stop bit
+    UCSR0C |= (1 << UCSZ01) | (1 << UCSZ00);
+}
+
+void UART_transmit(uint8_t data) {
+    // Wait for empty transmit buffer
+    while (!(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)));
+    // Put data into buffer, sends the data
+    UDR0 = data;
+}
+
+void UART_println(const char *str) {
+    // Transmit each character until NULL character is encountered
+    while (*str) UART_transmit(*str++);
+    // Transmit carriage return and line feed characters
+    UART_transmit('\r');
+    UART_transmit('\n');
+}
+
+float readTemperature() {
+    uint16_t temperature;
+
+    // Send start condition
+    I2C_start();
+    // Send device address with write operation
+    I2C_write((TEMP_SENSOR_ADDR << 1) | 0);
+    // Send temperature register address
+    I2C_write(0x00);
+    // Repeat start
+    I2C_start();
+    // Send device address with read operation
+    I2C_write((TEMP_SENSOR_ADDR << 1) | 1);
+    // Read temperature data MSB
+    temperature = (uint16_t)(I2C_read(1)) << 8;
+    // Read temperature data LSB
+    temperature |= I2C_read(0);
+    // Send stop condition
+    I2C_stop();
+
+    // Convert raw data to temperature in Celsius
+    return (float)temperature * 0.0625;
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+    initI2C();
+    initUART();
+
+    float temperature;
+
+    while (1) {
+        temperature = readTemperature();
+        // Print temperature over UART
+        UART_println("Temperature: ");
+        UART_transmit((uint8_t)(temperature / 10.0) + '0');
+        UART_transmit((uint8_t)fmod(temperature, 10.0) + '0');
+        UART_println(" °C");
+        _delay_ms(1000);  // Delay for 1 second
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void blink() {
+    // Set the LED pin as output
+    DDRB |= (1 << LED_PIN);
+
+    while (1) {
+        // Turn on the LED by setting the pin high
+        PORTB |= (1 << LED_PIN);
+        // Delay for 500 milliseconds
+        _delay_ms(500);
+
+        // Turn off the LED by setting the pin low
+        PORTB &= ~(1 << LED_PIN);
+        // Delay for 500 milliseconds
+        _delay_ms(500);
+    }
+}

makefile

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+# AVR-GCC compiler
+CC = avr-gcc
+
+# Programmer (change it according to your programmer)
+PROGRAMMER = usbasp
+
+# MCU
+MCU = atmega328p
+
+# Compiler flags
+CFLAGS = -std=c99 -Wall -Wno-array-bounds -mmcu=$(MCU) -DF_CPU=16000000UL -O3
+
+# Source files
+SRCS = main.c
+
+# Object files
+OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)
+
+# Target file
+TARGET = main
+
+# Default target
+all: $(TARGET).hex
+
+# Compile C files
+%.o: %.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+# Link object files
+$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(OBJS) -o $(TARGET).elf
+
+# Convert ELF to HEX
+$(TARGET).hex: $(TARGET).elf
+	avr-objcopy -O ihex -R .eeprom $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex
+
+# Flash the program
+flash: $(TARGET).hex
+	avrdude -p $(MCU) -c $(PROGRAMMER) -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex
+
+# Clean
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJS) $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex
+