lab1 done

lab1/.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+    "files.associations": {
+        "array": "cpp",
+        "atomic": "cpp",
+        "bit": "cpp",
+        "*.tcc": "cpp",
+        "cctype": "cpp",
+        "charconv": "cpp",
+        "clocale": "cpp",
+        "cmath": "cpp",
+        "compare": "cpp",
+        "concepts": "cpp",
+        "cstdarg": "cpp",
+        "cstddef": "cpp",
+        "cstdint": "cpp",
+        "cstdio": "cpp",
+        "cstdlib": "cpp",
+        "ctime": "cpp",
+        "cwchar": "cpp",
+        "cwctype": "cpp",
+        "deque": "cpp",
+        "string": "cpp",
+        "unordered_map": "cpp",
+        "vector": "cpp",
+        "exception": "cpp",
+        "algorithm": "cpp",
+        "functional": "cpp",
+        "iterator": "cpp",
+        "memory": "cpp",
+        "memory_resource": "cpp",
+        "numeric": "cpp",
+        "optional": "cpp",
+        "random": "cpp",
+        "string_view": "cpp",
+        "system_error": "cpp",
+        "tuple": "cpp",
+        "type_traits": "cpp",
+        "utility": "cpp",
+        "format": "cpp",
+        "fstream": "cpp",
+        "initializer_list": "cpp",
+        "iomanip": "cpp",
+        "iosfwd": "cpp",
+        "iostream": "cpp",
+        "istream": "cpp",
+        "limits": "cpp",
+        "new": "cpp",
+        "numbers": "cpp",
+        "ostream": "cpp",
+        "span": "cpp",
+        "sstream": "cpp",
+        "stdexcept": "cpp",
+        "streambuf": "cpp",
+        "text_encoding": "cpp",
+        "typeinfo": "cpp",
+        "variant": "cpp"
+    }
+}

lab1/Makefile

@@ -1,17 +1,58 @@
-# The following rule means: "if test_editor does not exist, or
+# Define the compiler and the linker. The linker must be defined since
-# is older than test_editor.o or editor.o,
+# the implicit rule for linking uses CC as the linker. g++ can be
-# then link test_editor".
+# changed to clang++.
-test_editor: test_editor.o editor.o
+CXX = g++
-	g++ -o test_editor test_editor.o editor.o
+CC  = $(CXX)
 
-# Rules to create the object files.
+# Generate dependencies in *.d files
-test_editor.o: test_editor.cc editor.h
+DEPFLAGS = -MT $@ -MMD -MP -MF $*.d
-	g++ -c test_editor.cc -std=c++11
-editor.o: editor.cc editor.h
-	g++ -c editor.cc -std=c++11
 
+# Define preprocessor, compiler, and linker flags. Uncomment the # lines
+# if you use clang++ and wish to use libc++ instead of GNU's libstdc++.
+# -g is for debugging.
+CPPFLAGS =  -std=c++11 -I.
+CXXFLAGS =  -O2 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic-errors -Wold-style-cast 
+CXXFLAGS += -std=c++11 
+CXXFLAGS += -g
+CXXFLAGS += $(DEPFLAGS)
+LDFLAGS =   -g 
+#CPPFLAGS += -stdlib=libc++
+#CXXFLAGS += -stdlib=libc++
+#LDFLAGS +=  -stdlib=libc++
+
+# Targets
+PROGS =  test_editor test_coding print_argv hello encode decode
+
+all: $(PROGS)
+
+test: test_coding test_editor
+	./test_coding
+	./test_editor
+	./hello
+
+test_encode_decode: encode decode
+	@echo "Running encode-decode tests"
+	./encode testfile.txt
+	./decode testfile.txt.enc
+
+# Targets rely on implicit rules for compiling and linking
 print_argv: print_argv.o
-	g++ -o print_argv print_argv.o
+test_editor: test_editor.o editor.o
-print_argv.o: print_argv.cc
+test_coding: test_coding.o coding.o
-	g++ -c print_argv.cc -std=c++11
+encode: encode.o coding.o
+decode: decode.o coding.o
 
+# Phony targets
+.PHONY: all test test_encode_decode clean distclean
+
+# Standard clean
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROGS)
+
+distclean: clean
+	rm *.d
+
+
+# Include the *.d files
+SRC = $(wildcard *.cc)
+-include $(SRC:.cc=.d)

lab1/Makefile1

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# The following rule means: "if test_editor does not exist, or
+# is older than test_editor.o or editor.o,
+# then link test_editor".
+test_editor: test_editor.o editor.o
+	g++ -o test_editor test_editor.o editor.o
+
+# Rules to create the object files.
+test_editor.o: test_editor.cc editor.h
+	g++ -c test_editor.cc -std=c++11
+editor.o: editor.cc editor.h
+	g++ -c editor.cc -std=c++11
+
+print_argv: print_argv.o
+	g++ -o print_argv print_argv.o
+print_argv.o: print_argv.cc
+	g++ -c print_argv.cc -std=c++11
+

lab1/MakefileWithDeps

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-# Define the compiler and the linker. The linker must be defined since
-# the implicit rule for linking uses CC as the linker. g++ can be
-# changed to clang++.
-CXX = g++
-CC  = $(CXX)
-
-# Generate dependencies in *.d files
-DEPFLAGS = -MT $@ -MMD -MP -MF $*.d
-
-# Define preprocessor, compiler, and linker flags. Uncomment the # lines
-# if you use clang++ and wish to use libc++ instead of GNU's libstdc++.
-# -g is for debugging.
-CPPFLAGS =  -std=c++11 -I.
-CXXFLAGS =  -O2 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic-errors -Wold-style-cast 
-CXXFLAGS += -std=c++11 
-CXXFLAGS += -g
-CXXFLAGS += $(DEPFLAGS)
-LDFLAGS =   -g 
-#CPPFLAGS += -stdlib=libc++
-#CXXFLAGS += -stdlib=libc++
-#LDFLAGS +=  -stdlib=libc++
-
-# Targets
-PROGS =  test_editor test_coding print_argv
-
-all: $(PROGS)
-
-test: test_coding test_editor
-	./test_coding
-	./test_editor
-
-# Targets rely on implicit rules for compiling and linking
-print_argv: print_argv.o
-test_editor: test_editor.o editor.o
-test_coding: test_coding.o coding.o
-
-# Phony targets
-.PHONY: all test clean distclean
-
-# Standard clean
-clean:
-	rm -f *.o $(PROGS)
-
-distclean: clean
-	rm *.d
-
-
-# Include the *.d files
-SRC = $(wildcard *.cc)
--include $(SRC:.cc=.d)

lab1/buggy_programs/Makefile

@@ -21,20 +21,30 @@ PROGS=ub leak bounds bounds-heap dangling sum
 ALL: $(PROGS)
 
 leak: leak.cc
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $<
 
 dangling: dangling.cc
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $<
 
 bounds: bounds.cc
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $<
 
 ub: ub.cc
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $<
 
 sum: sum.cc
+	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $<
 
-# Targets
-# Phony targets
 .PHONY: all clean test
 
-# Standard clean
 clean:
-	-rm  $(PROGS)
+	-rm -f $(PROGS)
-	-rm -r $(addsuffix .dSYM, $(PROGS))
+	-rm -rf $(addsuffix .dSYM, $(PROGS))
+
+test: $(PROGS)
+	@echo "Running tests with Valgrind..."
+	@for prog in $(PROGS); do \
+		echo "Testing $$prog with Valgrind:"; \
+		valgrind ./$$prog; \
+		echo ""; \
+	done

lab1/coding.cc

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 unsigned char encode(unsigned char c)
 {
-    return c;
+    return c + 2;
 }
 unsigned char decode(unsigned char c)
 {
-    return c;
+    return c - 2;
 }

lab1/coding.d

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+coding.o: coding.cc coding.h
+coding.h:

lab1/decode.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include "coding.h" 
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    std::string filename;
+
+    if (argc > 1) {
+        filename = argv[1];
+    } else {
+        std::cout << "Enter filename to decode: ";
+        std::cin >> filename;
+    }
+
+    std::ifstream infile(filename, std::ios::binary); 
+    if (!infile) {
+        std::cerr << "Could not open file " << filename << "\n";
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    std::ofstream outfile(filename + ".dec", std::ios::binary); 
+    if (!outfile) {
+        std::cerr << "Could not create output file" << "\n";
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    unsigned char c;
+    while (infile.get(reinterpret_cast<char&>(c))) {
+        outfile.put(decode(c)); 
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "Decoding complete. Output saved to " << filename << ".dec" << "\n";
+    return 0;
+}

lab1/decode.d

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+decode.o: decode.cc coding.h
+coding.h:

lab1/editor.cc

@@ -12,5 +12,23 @@ size_type Editor::get_size() const
 }
 
 size_type Editor::find_left_par(size_type pos) const {
-    return string::npos;
+    if (pos >= text.size() || (text[pos] != ')' && text[pos] != ']' && text[pos] != '}')) {
+        return std::string::npos;
+    }
+
+    char right_par = text[pos];
+    char left_par = (right_par == ')') ? '(' : (right_par == ']') ? '[' : '{';
+
+    int balance = 0;
+
+    for (int i = pos; i >= 0; --i) {
+        if (text[i] == right_par) {
+            balance++;
+        } else if (text[i] == left_par) {
+            balance--;
+            if (balance == 0) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

lab1/editor.d

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+editor.o: editor.cc editor.h
+editor.h:

lab1/encode.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include "coding.h"
+
+int main (int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    std::string filename;
+
+    if (argc > 1) {
+        filename = argv[1];
+    } else {
+        std::cout << "Enter filename: ";
+        std::cin >> filename;
+    }
+
+    std::ifstream infile(filename, std::ios::binary);
+    if (!infile) {
+        std::cerr << "Could not open file " << filename << "\n";
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    std::string output_filename = filename + ".enc";
+    std::ofstream outfile(output_filename, std::ios::binary);
+    if (!outfile) {
+        std::cerr << "Could not create output file" << "\n";
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    unsigned char c;
+    while (infile.get(reinterpret_cast<char&>(c))) {
+        outfile.put(encode(c));
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "Encoding complete. Output saved to " << filename << "\n";
+    return 0;
+}

lab1/encode.d

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+encode.o: encode.cc coding.h
+coding.h:

lab1/hello.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << "\n";
+    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << "\n";
+    return 0;
+}

lab1/hello.d

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hello: hello.cc

lab1/print_argv.d

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print_argv.o: print_argv.cc

lab1/reflektion.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+1. What is the difference between a declaration and a definition?
+
+A declaration tells the compiler about the existence of a variable or function, 
+while a definition allocates storage or provides the function code.
+
+
+2. How does an include guard prevent multiple definitions?
+
+An include guard (using #ifndef, #define, #endif) 
+prevents a header file from being included multiple times, which avoids redefinitions.
+
+
+3. How can you tell if an error comes from the compiler or the linker? Does a linker error
+mean that you have an error in your source code? How do you (typically) fix a linker error?
+
+Compiler errors are syntax or semantic issues in code, while linker errors occur when symbols 
+are missing or duplicated across files. A linker error often means a missing definition or library; it’s fixed by ensuring all functions and variables are correctly defined and linked.
+
+
+4. Do you have to make any changes to MakefileWithDeps to build your hello world program?
+
+You may need to adjust MakefileWithDeps 
+if dependencies or file paths change for your hello world program.
+
+
+5. In encode and decode, the type unsigned char is used. Would your code work the same
+way if that type is changed to char or signed char?
+
+Changing unsigned char to char or signed char 
+may alter the behavior due to differences in handling negative values.
+
+
+6. In the coding problem, reading the file with char ch; while (infile >> ch) ... doesn’t
+work. Why?
+
+infile >> ch reads formatted input, skipping whitespace; 
+using infile.get(ch) reads every character, including whitespace.
+
+
+7. If your program crashes, how can you use the debugger to get a stack trace similar to that
+of Exception.printStackTrace() in Java?
+
+lldb ./progrma -> run -> bt
+
+
+8. What is the difference between a debugger breakpoint and a watchpoint?
+
+A breakpoint pauses execution at a specific line, 
+while a watchpoint stops execution when a specific variable changes.

lab1/stream-examples/Makefile

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ PROGS =  read-words example-out
 
 all: $(PROGS)
 
+test: ./example-out ./read-words
+
 # Phony targets
 .PHONY: all test clean distclean
 

lab1/stream-examples/err.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+And this is written to stderr
+And some more to stderr

lab1/stream-examples/example-out.d

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+example-out: example-out.cc

lab1/stream-examples/out.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+This text is written to stdout
+More text to stdout

lab1/stream-examples/read-words.d

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+read-words: read-words.cc

lab1/test_coding.d

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+test_coding.o: test_coding.cc coding.h
+coding.h:

lab1/test_editor.d

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+test_editor.o: test_editor.cc editor.h
+editor.h:

lab1/testfile.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Hello my name is Douglas

lab1/testfile.txt.dec

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fcjjmkwl_kcgqBmsej_q

lab1/testfile.txt.enc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Jgnnq"o{"pcog"ku"Fqwincu

lab1/testfile.txt.enc.dec

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Hello my name is Douglas