Merge pull request #29 from SamTebbs33/feature/create-gdt-idt-irq-isr

Added GDT, IDT, IRQ, updated build.zig

build.zig

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ const Builder = @import("std").build.Builder;
 const Step = @import("std").build.Step;
 const builtin = @import("builtin");
 const std = @import("std");
+const os = std.os;
 const ArrayList = std.ArrayList;
 const warn = std.debug.warn;
 const mem = std.mem;
 
 var src_files: ArrayList([]const u8) = undefined;
+var src_files_asm: ArrayList([]const u8) = undefined;
 
 fn concat(allocator: *std.mem.Allocator, str: []const u8, str2: []const u8) !std.Buffer {
     var b = try std.Buffer.init(allocator, str);
@@ -18,21 +20,38 @@ fn concat(allocator: *std.mem.Allocator, str: []const u8, str2: []const u8) !std
 
 pub fn build(b: *Builder) void {
     src_files = ArrayList([]const u8).init(b.allocator);
+    src_files_asm = ArrayList([]const u8).init(b.allocator);
     const debug = b.option(bool, "debug", "build with debug symbols / make qemu wait for a debug connection") orelse false;
     var build_path = b.option([]const u8, "build-path", "path to build to") orelse "bin";
     var src_path = b.option([]const u8, "source-path", "path to source") orelse "src";
     var target = b.option([]const u8, "target", "target to build/run for") orelse "x86";
     const builtin_target = if (mem.eql(u8, target, "x86")) builtin.Arch.i386 else unreachable;
 
-    const iso_path = concat(b.allocator, build_path, "/pluto.iso") catch unreachable;
+    b.makePath(build_path) catch unreachable;
+    var grub_path = concat(b.allocator, build_path, "/iso/boot/grub") catch unreachable;
+    var kern_path = concat(b.allocator, build_path, "/kernel") catch unreachable;
+    var a_path = concat(b.allocator, build_path, "/kernel/arch/") catch unreachable;
+    a_path = concat(b.allocator, a_path.toSlice(), target) catch unreachable;
+    b.makePath(grub_path.toSlice()) catch unreachable;
+    b.makePath(kern_path.toSlice()) catch unreachable;
+    b.makePath(a_path.toSlice()) catch unreachable;
 
     src_files.append("kernel/kmain") catch unreachable;
 
-    // Add the architecture init file to the source files
+    // Add the assemblies
+    switch (builtin_target) {
+        builtin.Arch.i386 => {
+            src_files_asm.append("kernel/arch/x86/irq_asm") catch unreachable;
+            src_files_asm.append("kernel/arch/x86/isr_asm") catch unreachable;
+        },
+        else => {},
+    }
+
     var arch_boot = concat(b.allocator, "kernel/arch/", target) catch unreachable;
     arch_boot.append("/boot") catch unreachable;
     src_files.append(arch_boot.toSlice()) catch unreachable;
 
+    const iso_path = concat(b.allocator, build_path, "/pluto.iso") catch unreachable;
     var objects_steps = buildObjects(b, builtin_target, build_path, src_path);
     var link_step = buildLink(b, builtin_target, build_path);
     const iso_step = buildISO(b, build_path, iso_path.toSlice());
@@ -114,6 +133,13 @@ fn buildLink(b: *Builder, target: builtin.Arch, build_path: []const u8) *Step {
         file_obj.append(file) catch unreachable;
         file_obj.append(".o") catch unreachable;
         exec.addObjectFile(file_obj.toSlice());
+        exec.setMainPkgPath(".");
+    }
+    for (src_files_asm.toSlice()) |file| {
+        var file_obj = concat(b.allocator, build_path, "/") catch unreachable;
+        file_obj.append(file) catch unreachable;
+        file_obj.append(".o") catch unreachable;
+        exec.addObjectFile(file_obj.toSlice());
     }
     return &exec.step;
 }
@@ -125,6 +151,15 @@ fn buildObjects(b: *Builder, target: builtin.Arch, build_path: []const u8, src_p
         var file_src = concat(b.allocator, src_path2.toSlice(), file) catch unreachable;
         file_src.append(".zig") catch unreachable;
         const obj = b.addObject(file, file_src.toSlice());
+        obj.setMainPkgPath(".");
+        obj.setOutputDir(build_path);
+        obj.setTarget(target, builtin.Os.freestanding, builtin.Abi.gnu);
+        objects.append(&obj.step) catch unreachable;
+    }
+    for (src_files_asm.toSlice()) |file| {
+        var file_src = concat(b.allocator, src_path2.toSlice(), file) catch unreachable;
+        file_src.append(".s") catch unreachable;
+        const obj = b.addAssemble(file, file_src.toSlice());
         obj.setOutputDir(build_path);
         obj.setTarget(target, builtin.Os.freestanding, builtin.Abi.gnu);
         objects.append(&obj.step) catch unreachable;

src/kernel/arch/x86/arch.zig

@@ -1,11 +1,54 @@
 // Zig version: 0.4.0
 
-const is_test = @import("builtin").is_test;
+const builtin = @import("builtin");
+const gdt = @import("gdt.zig");
+const idt = @import("idt.zig");
+const irq = @import("irq.zig");
+const isr = @import("isr.zig");
+
+pub const InterruptContext = struct {
+    // Extra segments
+    gs: u32,
+    fs: u32,
+    es: u32,
+    ds: u32,
+
+    // Destination, source, base pointer
+    edi: u32,
+    esi: u32,
+    ebp: u32,
+    esp: u32,
+
+    // General registers
+    ebx: u32,
+    edx: u32,
+    ecx: u32,
+    eax: u32,
+
+    // Interrupt number and error code
+    int_num: u32,
+    error_code: u32,
+
+    // Instruction pointer, code segment and flags
+    eip: u32,
+    cs: u32,
+    eflags: u32,
+    user_esp: u32,
+    ss: u32,
+};
 
 ///
 /// Initialise the architecture
 ///
-pub fn init() void {}
+pub fn init() void {
+    disableInterrupts();
+
+    gdt.init();
+    idt.init();
+
+    isr.init();
+    irq.init();
+}
 
 ///
 /// Inline assembly to write to a given port with a byte of data.
@@ -45,3 +88,81 @@ pub fn inb(port: u16) u8 {
 pub fn ioWait() void {
     outb(0x80, 0);
 }
+
+///
+/// Load the GDT and refreshing the code segment with the code segment offset of the kernel as we
+/// are still in kernel land. Also loads the kernel data segment into all the other segment
+/// registers.
+///
+/// Arguments:
+///     IN gdt_ptr: *gdt.GdtPtr - The address to the GDT.
+///
+pub fn lgdt(gdt_ptr: *const gdt.GdtPtr) void {
+    // Load the GDT into the CPU
+    asm volatile ("lgdt (%%eax)" : : [gdt_ptr] "{eax}" (gdt_ptr));
+    // Load the kernel data segment, index into the GDT
+    asm volatile ("mov %%bx, %%ds" : : [KERNEL_DATA_OFFSET] "{bx}" (gdt.KERNEL_DATA_OFFSET));
+    asm volatile ("mov %%bx, %%es");
+    asm volatile ("mov %%bx, %%fs");
+    asm volatile ("mov %%bx, %%gs");
+    asm volatile ("mov %%bx, %%ss");
+    // Load the kernel code segment into the CS register
+    asm volatile (
+        \\ljmp $0x08, $1f
+        \\1:
+    );
+}
+
+///
+/// Load the TSS into the CPU.
+///
+pub fn ltr() void {
+    asm volatile ("ltr %%ax" : : [TSS_OFFSET] "{ax}" (gdt.TSS_OFFSET));
+}
+
+/// Load the IDT into the CPU.
+pub fn lidt(idt_ptr: *const idt.IdtPtr) void {
+    asm volatile ("lidt (%%eax)" : : [idt_ptr] "{eax}" (idt_ptr));
+}
+
+///
+/// Enable interrupts
+///
+pub fn enableInterrupts() void {
+    asm volatile ("sti");
+}
+
+///
+/// Disable interrupts
+///
+pub fn disableInterrupts() void {
+    asm volatile ("cli");
+}
+
+///
+/// Halt the CPU, but interrupts will still be called
+///
+pub fn halt() void {
+    asm volatile ("hlt");
+}
+
+///
+/// Wait the kernel but still can handle interrupts.
+///
+pub fn spinWait() noreturn {
+    while (true) {
+        enableInterrupts();
+        halt();
+        disableInterrupts();
+    }
+}
+
+///
+/// Halt the kernel.
+///
+pub fn haltNoInterrupts() noreturn {
+    while (true) {
+        disableInterrupts();
+        halt();
+    }
+}

src/kernel/arch/x86/gdt.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+// Zig version: 0.4.0
+
+const arch = @import("arch.zig");
+
+const NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES: u16 = 0x06;
+const TABLE_SIZE: u16 = @sizeOf(GdtEntry) * NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES - 1;
+
+// The indexes into the GDT where each segment resides.
+
+/// The index of the NULL GDT entry.
+const NULL_INDEX: u16           = 0x00;
+
+/// The index of the kernel code GDT entry.
+const KERNEL_CODE_INDEX: u16    = 0x01;
+
+/// The index of the kernel data GDT entry.
+const KERNEL_DATA_INDEX: u16    = 0x02;
+
+/// The index of the user code GDT entry.
+const USER_CODE_INDEX: u16      = 0x03;
+
+/// The index of the user data GDT entry.
+const USER_DATA_INDEX: u16      = 0x04;
+
+/// The index of the task state segment GDT entry.
+const TSS_INDEX: u16            = 0x05;
+
+
+// The offsets into the GDT where each segment resides.
+
+/// The offset of the NULL GDT entry.
+pub const NULL_OFFSET: u16          = 0x00;
+
+/// The offset of the kernel code GDT entry.
+pub const KERNEL_CODE_OFFSET: u16   = 0x08;
+
+/// The offset of the kernel data GDT entry.
+pub const KERNEL_DATA_OFFSET: u16   = 0x10;
+
+/// The offset of the user code GDT entry.
+pub const USER_CODE_OFFSET: u16     = 0x18;
+
+/// The offset of the user data GDT entry.
+pub const USER_DATA_OFFSET: u16     = 0x20;
+
+/// The offset of the TTS GDT entry.
+pub const TSS_OFFSET: u16           = 0x28;
+
+// The access bits
+const ACCESSED_BIT              = 0x01; // 00000001
+const WRITABLE_BIT              = 0x02; // 00000010
+const DIRECTION_CONFORMING_BIT  = 0x04; // 00000100
+const EXECUTABLE_BIT            =  0x08; // 00001000
+const DESCRIPTOR_BIT            =  0x10; // 00010000
+
+const PRIVILEGE_RING_0          = 0x00; // 00000000
+const PRIVILEGE_RING_1          = 0x20; // 00100000
+const PRIVILEGE_RING_2          = 0x40; // 01000000
+const PRIVILEGE_RING_3          = 0x60; // 01100000
+
+const PRESENT_BIT               = 0x80; // 10000000
+
+
+const KERNEL_SEGMENT = PRESENT_BIT | PRIVILEGE_RING_0 | DESCRIPTOR_BIT;
+const USER_SEGMENT = PRESENT_BIT | PRIVILEGE_RING_3 | DESCRIPTOR_BIT;
+
+const CODE_SEGMENT = EXECUTABLE_BIT | WRITABLE_BIT;
+const DATA_SEGMENT = WRITABLE_BIT;
+
+const TSS_SEGMENT = PRESENT_BIT | EXECUTABLE_BIT | ACCESSED_BIT;
+
+
+// The flag bits
+const IS_64_BIT         = 0x02; // 0010
+const IS_32_BIT         = 0x04; // 0100
+const IS_LIMIT_4K_BIT   = 0x08; // 1000
+
+/// The structure that contains all the information that each GDT entry needs.
+const GdtEntry = packed struct {
+    /// The lower 16 bits of the limit address. Describes the size of memory that can be addressed.
+    limit_low: u16,
+
+    /// The lower 24 bits of the base address. Describes the start of memory for the entry.
+    base_low: u24,
+
+    /// Bit 0   : accessed             - The CPU will set this when the GDT entry is accessed.
+    /// Bit 1   : writable             - The writable bit to say if the memory region is writable. If set, then memory region is readable and writable. If not set, then the memory region is just readable.
+    /// Bit 2   : direction_conforming - For a code segment: if set (1), then the code segment can be executed from a lower ring level. If unset (0), then the code segment can only be executed from the same ring level in the privilege flag. For the data segment: if set (1), then the data segment grows downwards. If unset (0), then the data segment grows upwards.
+    /// Bit 3   : executable           - The execution bit to say that the memory region is executable.
+    /// Bit 4   : descriptor_bit       - The descriptor bit.
+    /// Bit 5-6 : privilege            - The ring level of the memory region.
+    /// Bit 7   : present              - The present bit to tell that this GDT entry is present.
+    access: u8,
+
+    /// The upper 4 bits of the limit address. Describes the size of memory that can be addressed.
+    limit_high: u4,
+
+    /// Bit 0 : reserved_zero - This must always be zero.
+    /// Bit 1 : is_64bits     - Whether this is a 64 bit system.
+    /// Bit 2 : is_32bits     - Whether this is a 32 bit system.
+    /// Bit 3 : is_limit_4K   - Whether paging is turned on, and each address is addressed as if it is a page number not physical/logical linear address.
+    flags: u4,
+
+    /// The upper 8 bits of the base address. Describes the start of memory for the entry.
+    base_high: u8,
+};
+
+/// The GDT pointer structure that contains the pointer to the beginning of the GDT and the number
+/// of the table (minus 1). Used to load the GDT with LGDT instruction.
+pub const GdtPtr = packed struct {
+    /// 16bit entry for the number of entries (minus 1).
+    limit: u16,
+
+    /// 32bit entry for the base address for the GDT.
+    base: *GdtEntry,
+};
+
+const TtsEntry = packed struct {
+    /// Pointer to the previous TSS entry
+    prev_tss: u32,
+
+    /// Ring 0 32 bit stack pointer.
+    esp0: u32,
+
+    /// Ring 0 32 bit stack pointer.
+    ss0: u32,
+
+    /// Ring 1 32 bit stack pointer.
+    esp1: u32,
+
+    /// Ring 1 32 bit stack pointer.
+    ss1: u32,
+
+    /// Ring 2 32 bit stack pointer.
+    esp2: u32,
+
+    /// Ring 2 32 bit stack pointer.
+    ss2: u32,
+
+    /// The CR3 control register 3.
+    cr3: u32,
+
+    /// 32 bit instruction pointer.
+    eip: u32,
+
+    /// 32 bit flags register.
+    eflags: u32,
+
+    /// 32 bit accumulator register.
+    eax: u32,
+
+    /// 32 bit counter register.
+    ecx: u32,
+
+    /// 32 bit data register.
+    edx: u32,
+
+    /// 32 bit base register.
+    ebx: u32,
+
+    /// 32 bit stack pointer register.
+    esp: u32,
+
+    /// 32 bit base pointer register.
+    ebp: u32,
+
+    /// 32 bit source register.
+    esi: u32,
+
+    /// 32 bit destination register.
+    edi: u32,
+
+    /// The extra segment.
+    es: u32,
+
+    /// The code segment.
+    cs: u32,
+
+    /// The stack segment.
+    ss: u32,
+
+    /// The data segment.
+    ds: u32,
+
+    /// A extra segment FS.
+    fs: u32,
+
+    /// A extra segment GS.
+    gs: u32,
+
+    /// The local descriptor table register.
+    ldtr: u32,
+
+    /// ?
+    trap: u16,
+
+    /// A pointer to a I/O port bitmap for the current task which specifies individual ports the program should have access to.
+    io_permissions_base_offset: u16,
+};
+
+///
+/// Make a GDT entry.
+///
+/// Arguments:
+///     IN access: u8 - The access bits for the descriptor.
+///     IN flags: u4  - The flag bits for the descriptor.
+///
+/// Return:
+///     A new GDT entry with the give access and flag bits set with the base at 0x00000000 and limit at 0xFFFFF.
+///
+fn makeEntry(base: u32, limit: u20, access: u8, flags: u4) GdtEntry {
+    return GdtEntry {
+        .limit_low = @truncate(u16, limit),
+        .base_low = @truncate(u24, base),
+        .access = access,
+        .limit_high = @truncate(u4, limit >> 16),
+        .flags = flags,
+        .base_high = @truncate(u8, base >> 24),
+    };
+}
+
+/// The GDT entry table of NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES entries.
+var gdt_entries: [NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES]GdtEntry = []GdtEntry {
+    // Null descriptor
+    makeEntry(0, 0, 0, 0),
+
+    // Kernel Code
+    makeEntry(0, 0xFFFFF, KERNEL_SEGMENT | CODE_SEGMENT, IS_32_BIT | IS_LIMIT_4K_BIT),
+
+    // Kernel Data
+    makeEntry(0, 0xFFFFF, KERNEL_SEGMENT | DATA_SEGMENT, IS_32_BIT | IS_LIMIT_4K_BIT),
+
+    // User Code
+    makeEntry(0, 0xFFFFF, USER_SEGMENT | CODE_SEGMENT, IS_32_BIT | IS_LIMIT_4K_BIT),
+
+    // User Data
+    makeEntry(0, 0xFFFFF, USER_SEGMENT | DATA_SEGMENT, IS_32_BIT | IS_LIMIT_4K_BIT),
+
+    // Fill in TSS at runtime
+    makeEntry(0, 0, 0, 0),
+};
+
+/// The GDT pointer that the CPU is loaded with that contains the base address of the GDT and the size.
+const gdt_ptr: GdtPtr = GdtPtr {
+    .limit = TABLE_SIZE,
+    .base = &gdt_entries[0],
+};
+
+/// The task state segment entry.
+var tss: TtsEntry = TtsEntry {
+    .prev_tss = 0,
+    .esp0 = undefined,
+    .ss0 = KERNEL_DATA_OFFSET,
+    .esp1 = 0,
+    .ss1 = 0,
+    .esp2 = 0,
+    .ss2 = 0,
+    .cr3 = 0,
+    .eip = 0,
+    .eflags = 0,
+    .eax = 0,
+    .ecx = 0,
+    .edx = 0,
+    .ebx = 0,
+    .esp = 0,
+    .ebp = 0,
+    .esi = 0,
+    .edi = 0,
+    .es = 0,
+    .cs = 0,
+    .ss = 0,
+    .ds = 0,
+    .fs = 0,
+    .gs = 0,
+    .ldtr = 0,
+    .trap = 0,
+    .io_permissions_base_offset = @sizeOf(TtsEntry),
+};
+
+pub fn setTssStack(esp0: u32) void {
+    tss.esp0 = esp0;
+}
+
+pub fn init() void {
+    // Initiate TSS
+    gdt_entries[TSS_INDEX] = makeEntry(@ptrToInt(&tss), @sizeOf(TtsEntry) - 1, TSS_SEGMENT, 0);
+
+    // Load the GDT
+    arch.lgdt(&gdt_ptr);
+
+    // Load the TSS
+    arch.ltr();
+}

src/kernel/arch/x86/idt.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Zig version: 0.4.0
+
+const gdt = @import("gdt.zig");
+const arch = @import("arch.zig");
+
+const NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES: u16 = 256;
+const TABLE_SIZE: u16 = @sizeOf(IdtEntry) * NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES - 1;
+
+// The different gate types
+const TASK_GATE_32BIT: u4 = 0x5;
+const INTERRUPT_GATE_16BIT: u4 = 0x6;
+const TRAP_GATE_16BIT: u4 = 0x7;
+const INTERRUPT_GATE_32BIT: u4 = 0xE;
+const TRAP_GATE_32BIT: u4 = 0xF;
+
+const PRIVILEGE_RING_0: u2 = 0x0;
+const PRIVILEGE_RING_1: u2 = 0x1;
+const PRIVILEGE_RING_2: u2 = 0x2;
+const PRIVILEGE_RING_3: u2 = 0x3;
+
+const IdtEntry = packed struct {
+    /// The lower 16 bits of the base address of the interrupt handler offset.
+    base_low: u16,
+
+    /// The code segment in the GDT which the handlers will be held.
+    selector: u16,
+
+    /// Must be zero, unused.
+    zero: u8,
+
+    /// The IDT gate type.
+    gate_type: u4,
+
+    /// Must be 0 for interrupt and trap gates.
+    storage_segment: u1,
+
+    /// The minimum ring level that the calling code must have to run the handler. So user code may not be able to run some interrupts.
+    privilege: u2,
+
+    /// Whether the IDT entry is present.
+    present: u1,
+
+    /// The upper 16 bits of the base address of the interrupt handler offset.
+    base_high: u16,
+};
+
+pub const IdtPtr = packed struct {
+    /// The total size of the IDT (minus 1) in bytes.
+    limit: u16,
+
+    /// The base address where the IDT is located.
+    base: *IdtEntry,
+};
+
+var idt: [NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES]IdtEntry = []IdtEntry{makeEntry(0, 0, 0, 0, 0)} ** NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES;
+
+const idt_ptr: IdtPtr = IdtPtr {
+    .limit = TABLE_SIZE,
+    .base = &idt[0],
+};
+
+fn makeEntry(base: u32, selector: u16, gate_type: u4, privilege: u2, present: u1) IdtEntry {
+    return IdtEntry {
+        .base_low = @truncate(u16, base),
+        .selector = selector,
+        .zero = 0,
+        .gate_type = gate_type,
+        .storage_segment = 0,
+        .privilege = privilege,
+        .present = present,
+        .base_high = @truncate(u16, base >> 16),
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn openInterruptGate(index: u8, base: extern fn()void) void {
+    idt[index] = makeEntry(@ptrToInt(base), gdt.KERNEL_CODE_OFFSET, INTERRUPT_GATE_32BIT, PRIVILEGE_RING_0, 1);
+}
+
+pub fn closeInterruptGate(index: u8) void {
+    idt[index] = makeEntry(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+pub fn init() void {
+    arch.lidt(&idt_ptr);
+}

src/kernel/arch/x86/irq.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Zig version: 0.4.0
+
+const panic = @import("../../panic.zig");
+const tty = @import("../../tty.zig");
+const idt = @import("idt.zig");
+const arch = @import("arch.zig");
+
+const NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES: u16 = 16;
+
+const IRQ_OFFSET: u16 = 32;
+
+extern fn irq0() void;
+extern fn irq1() void;
+extern fn irq2() void;
+extern fn irq3() void;
+extern fn irq4() void;
+extern fn irq5() void;
+extern fn irq6() void;
+extern fn irq7() void;
+extern fn irq8() void;
+extern fn irq9() void;
+extern fn irq10() void;
+extern fn irq11() void;
+extern fn irq12() void;
+extern fn irq13() void;
+extern fn irq14() void;
+extern fn irq15() void;
+
+// Keep track of the number of spurious irq's
+var spurious_irq_counter: u32 = 0;
+
+var irq_handlers: [NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES]fn(*arch.InterruptContext)void = []fn(*arch.InterruptContext)void {unhandled} ** NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES;
+
+fn unhandled(context: *arch.InterruptContext) void {
+    const interrupt_num: u8 = @truncate(u8, context.int_num - IRQ_OFFSET);
+    panic.panicFmt(null, "Unhandled IRQ number {}", interrupt_num);
+}
+
+// TODO Move to PIC
+fn sendEndOfInterrupt(irq_num: u8) void {
+    if (irq_num >= 8) {
+        arch.outb(0xA0, 0x20);
+    }
+
+    arch.outb(0x20, 0x20);
+}
+
+// TODO Move to PIC
+fn spuriousIrq(irq_num: u8) bool {
+    // Only for IRQ 7 and 15
+    if(irq_num == 7) {
+        // Read master ISR
+        arch.outb(0x20, 0x0B);
+        const in_service = arch.inb(0x21);
+        // Check the MSB is zero, if so, then is a spurious irq
+        if ((in_service & 0x80) == 0) {
+            spurious_irq_counter += 1;
+            return true;
+        }
+    } else if (irq_num == 15) {
+        // Read slave ISR
+        arch.outb(0xA0, 0x0B);
+        const in_service = arch.inb(0xA1);
+        // Check the MSB is zero, if so, then is a spurious irq
+        if ((in_service & 0x80) == 0) {
+            // Need to send EOI to the master
+            arch.outb(0x20, 0x20);
+            spurious_irq_counter += 1;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+export fn irqHandler(context: *arch.InterruptContext) void {
+    const irq_num: u8 = @truncate(u8, context.int_num - IRQ_OFFSET);
+    // Make sure it isn't a spurious irq
+    if (!spuriousIrq(irq_num)) {
+        irq_handlers[irq_num](context);
+        // Send the end of interrupt command
+        sendEndOfInterrupt(irq_num);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn registerIrq(irq_num: u16, handler: fn(*arch.InterruptContext)void) void {
+    irq_handlers[irq_num] = handler;
+    clearMask(irq_num);
+}
+
+pub fn unregisterIrq(irq_num: u16) void {
+    irq_handlers[irq_num] = unhandled;
+    setMask(irq_num);
+}
+
+pub fn setMask(irq_num: u16) void {
+    // TODO Change to PIC constants
+    const port: u16 = if (irq_num < 8) 0x20 else 0xA0;
+    const value = arch.inb(port) | (1 << irq_num);
+    arch.outb(port, value);
+}
+
+pub fn clearMask(irq_num: u16) void {
+    // TODO Change to PIC constants
+    const port: u16 = if (irq_num < 8) 0x20 else 0xA0;
+    const value = arch.inb(port) & ~(1 << irq_num);
+    arch.outb(port, value);
+}
+
+// TODO Move this to the PIC once got one
+fn remapIrq() void {
+    // Initiate
+    arch.outb(0x20, 0x11);
+    arch.outb(0xA0, 0x11);
+
+    // Offsets
+    arch.outb(0x21, IRQ_OFFSET);
+    arch.outb(0xA1, IRQ_OFFSET + 8);
+
+    // IRQ lines
+    arch.outb(0x21, 0x04);
+    arch.outb(0xA1, 0x02);
+
+    // 80x86 mode
+    arch.outb(0x21, 0x01);
+    arch.outb(0xA1, 0x01);
+
+    // Mask
+    arch.outb(0x21, 0xFF);
+    arch.outb(0xA1, 0xFF);
+
+}
+
+pub fn init() void {
+    // Remap the PIC IRQ so not to overlap with other exceptions
+    remapIrq();
+
+    // Open all the IRQ's
+    idt.openInterruptGate(32, irq0);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(33, irq1);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(34, irq2);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(35, irq3);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(36, irq4);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(37, irq5);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(38, irq6);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(39, irq7);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(40, irq8);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(41, irq9);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(42, irq10);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(43, irq11);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(44, irq12);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(45, irq13);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(46, irq14);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(47, irq15);
+}

src/kernel/arch/x86/irq_asm.s

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+.macro irqGenerator n
+    .align 4
+    .type irq\n, @function
+    .global irq\n
+    irq\n:
+        cli
+        push $0
+        push $\n+32
+        jmp irqCommonStub
+.endmacro
+
+irqCommonStub:
+    // Push all the registers
+    pusha
+
+    // Push the additional segment regiters
+    push    %ds
+    push    %es
+    push    %fs
+    push    %gs
+
+    // Set the kernel data segment
+    mov     $0x10, %ax
+    mov     %ax, %ds
+    mov     %ax, %es
+    mov     %ax, %fs
+    mov     %ax, %gs
+
+    // Push the stack, this is where all the registers are sported, points the interuptContect
+    mov     %esp, %eax
+    push    %eax
+
+    // Call the handler
+    call irqHandler
+
+    // Pop stack pointer to point to the registers pushed
+    pop     %eax
+
+    // Pop segment regiters inorder
+    pop     %gs
+    pop     %fs
+    pop     %es
+    pop     %ds
+
+    // Pop all general registers
+    popa
+
+    // Pop the error code and interrupt number
+    add     $0x8, %esp
+
+    // Pops 5 things at once: cs, eip, eflags, ss, and esp
+    iret
+.type irqCommonStub, @function
+
+irqGenerator 0
+irqGenerator 1
+irqGenerator 2
+irqGenerator 3
+irqGenerator 4
+irqGenerator 5
+irqGenerator 6
+irqGenerator 7
+irqGenerator 8
+irqGenerator 9
+irqGenerator 10
+irqGenerator 11
+irqGenerator 12
+irqGenerator 13
+irqGenerator 14
+irqGenerator 15

src/kernel/arch/x86/isr.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Zig version: 0.4.0
+
+const panic = @import("../../panic.zig");
+const tty = @import("../../tty.zig");
+const idt = @import("idt.zig");
+const arch = @import("arch.zig");
+
+const NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES: u16 = 32;
+
+extern fn isr0() void;
+extern fn isr1() void;
+extern fn isr2() void;
+extern fn isr3() void;
+extern fn isr4() void;
+extern fn isr5() void;
+extern fn isr6() void;
+extern fn isr7() void;
+extern fn isr8() void;
+extern fn isr9() void;
+extern fn isr10() void;
+extern fn isr11() void;
+extern fn isr12() void;
+extern fn isr13() void;
+extern fn isr14() void;
+extern fn isr15() void;
+extern fn isr16() void;
+extern fn isr17() void;
+extern fn isr18() void;
+extern fn isr19() void;
+extern fn isr20() void;
+extern fn isr21() void;
+extern fn isr22() void;
+extern fn isr23() void;
+extern fn isr24() void;
+extern fn isr25() void;
+extern fn isr26() void;
+extern fn isr27() void;
+extern fn isr28() void;
+extern fn isr29() void;
+extern fn isr30() void;
+extern fn isr31() void;
+
+const exception_msg: [NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES][]const u8 = [NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES][]const u8 {
+    "Divide By Zero",
+    "Single Step (Debugger)",
+    "Non Maskable Interrupt",
+    "Breakpoint (Debugger)",
+    "Overflow",
+    "Bound Range Exceeded",
+    "Invalid Opcode",
+    "No Coprocessor, Device Not Available",
+    "Double Fault",
+    "Coprocessor Segment Overrun",
+    "Invalid Task State Segment (TSS)",
+    "Segment Not Present",
+    "Stack Segment Overrun",
+    "General Protection Fault",
+    "Page Fault",
+    "Unknown Interrupt",
+    "x87 FPU Floating Point Error",
+    "Alignment Check",
+    "Machine Check",
+    "SIMD Floating Point",
+    "Virtualization",
+    "Reserved",
+    "Reserved",
+    "Reserved",
+    "Reserved",
+    "Reserved",
+    "Reserved",
+    "Reserved",
+    "Reserved",
+    "Reserved",
+    "Security",
+    "Reserved"
+};
+
+var isr_handlers: [NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES]fn(*arch.InterruptContext)void = []fn(*arch.InterruptContext)void{unhandled} ** NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES;
+
+fn unhandled(context: *arch.InterruptContext) void {
+    const interrupt_num = context.int_num;
+    panic.panicFmt(null, "Unhandled exception: {}, number {}", exception_msg[interrupt_num], interrupt_num);
+}
+
+export fn isrHandler(context: *arch.InterruptContext) void {
+    const isr_num = context.int_num;
+    isr_handlers[isr_num](context);
+}
+
+pub fn registerIsr(isr_num: u16, handler: fn(*arch.InterruptContext)void) void {
+    isr_handlers[isr_num] = handler;
+}
+
+pub fn unregisterIsr(isr_num: u16) void {
+    isr_handlers[isr_num] = unhandled;
+}
+
+pub fn init() void {
+    idt.openInterruptGate(0, isr0);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(1, isr1);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(2, isr2);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(3, isr3);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(4, isr4);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(5, isr5);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(6, isr6);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(7, isr7);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(8, isr8);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(9, isr9);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(10, isr10);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(11, isr11);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(12, isr12);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(13, isr13);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(14, isr14);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(15, isr15);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(16, isr16);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(17, isr17);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(18, isr18);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(19, isr19);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(20, isr20);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(21, isr21);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(22, isr22);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(23, isr23);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(24, isr24);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(25, isr25);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(26, isr26);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(27, isr27);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(28, isr28);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(29, isr29);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(30, isr30);
+    idt.openInterruptGate(31, isr31);
+}

src/kernel/arch/x86/isr_asm.s

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+.macro isrGenerator n
+    .align 4
+    .type isr\n, @function
+    .global isr\n
+    isr\n:
+        cli
+        // Push 0 if there is no interrupt error code
+        .if (\n != 8 && !(\n >= 10 && \n <= 14) && \n != 17)
+            push $0
+        .endif
+        push $\n
+        jmp isrCommonStub
+.endmacro
+
+isrCommonStub:
+    // Push all the registers
+    pusha
+
+    // Push the additional segment regiters
+    push    %ds
+    push    %es
+    push    %fs
+    push    %gs
+
+    // Set the kernel data segment
+    mov     $0x10, %ax
+    mov     %ax, %ds
+    mov     %ax, %es
+    mov     %ax, %fs
+    mov     %ax, %gs
+
+    // Push the stack, this is where all the registers are sported, points the interuptContect
+    mov     %esp, %eax
+    push    %eax
+
+    // Call the handler
+    call isrHandler
+
+    // Pop stack pointer to point to the registers pushed
+    pop     %eax
+
+    // Pop segment regiters inorder
+    pop     %gs
+    pop     %fs
+    pop     %es
+    pop     %ds
+
+    // Pop all general registers
+    popa
+
+    // Pop the error code and interrupt number
+    add     $0x8, %esp
+
+    // Pops 5 things at once: cs, eip, eflags, ss, and esp
+    iret
+.type isrCommonStub, @function
+
+isrGenerator 0
+isrGenerator 1
+isrGenerator 2
+isrGenerator 3
+isrGenerator 4
+isrGenerator 5
+isrGenerator 6
+isrGenerator 7
+isrGenerator 8
+isrGenerator 9
+isrGenerator 10
+isrGenerator 11
+isrGenerator 12
+isrGenerator 13
+isrGenerator 14
+isrGenerator 15
+isrGenerator 16
+isrGenerator 17
+isrGenerator 18
+isrGenerator 19
+isrGenerator 20
+isrGenerator 21
+isrGenerator 22
+isrGenerator 23
+isrGenerator 24
+isrGenerator 25
+isrGenerator 26
+isrGenerator 27
+isrGenerator 28
+isrGenerator 29
+isrGenerator 30
+isrGenerator 31

src/kernel/kmain.zig

@@ -6,10 +6,15 @@ const multiboot = @import("multiboot.zig");
 const tty = @import("tty.zig");
 const vga = @import("vga.zig");
 
+// Need to import this as we need the panic to be in the root source file, or zig will just use the
+// builtin panic and just loop, which is what we don't want
+const panic_root = @import("panic.zig");
+
+// Just call the panic function, as this need to be in the root source file
 pub fn panic(msg: []const u8, error_return_trace: ?*builtin.StackTrace) noreturn {
     @setCold(true);
-    tty.print("\nKERNEL PANIC: {}\n", msg);
+    arch.disableInterrupts();
-    while (true) {}
+    panic_root.panicFmt(error_return_trace, "{}", msg);
 }
 
 pub export fn kmain(mb_info: *multiboot.multiboot_info_t, mb_magic: u32) void {
@@ -18,6 +23,9 @@ pub export fn kmain(mb_info: *multiboot.multiboot_info_t, mb_magic: u32) void {
         arch.init();
         vga.init();
         tty.init();
-        tty.print("\nHello Pluto from kernel :)\n");
+        tty.print("Hello Pluto from kernel :)\n");
+
+        // Enable interrupts
+        arch.enableInterrupts();
     }
 }

src/kernel/panic.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Zig version: 0.4.0
+
+const builtin = @import("builtin");
+const tty = @import("tty.zig");
+const arch = if (builtin.is_test) @import("../../test/kernel/arch_mock.zig") else @import("arch.zig").internals;
+
+pub fn panicFmt(trace: ?*builtin.StackTrace, comptime format: []const u8, args: ...) noreturn {
+    @setCold(true);
+    tty.print("KERNEL PANIC\n");
+    tty.print(format, args);
+    tty.print("\nHALTING\n");
+    arch.haltNoInterrupts();
+}

src/kernel/tty.zig

@@ -641,6 +641,7 @@ pub fn init() void {
 
     printLogo();
     displayPageNumber();
+    updateCursor();
 }
 
 fn resetGlobals() void {

src/kernel/vga.zig

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ const PORT_DATA: u16 = 0x03D5;
 
 // The indexes that is passed to the address port to select the register for the data to be
 // read or written to.
-
 const REG_HORIZONTAL_TOTAL: u8                = 0x00;
 const REG_HORIZONTAL_DISPLAY_ENABLE_END: u8   = 0x01;
 const REG_START_HORIZONTAL_BLINKING: u8       = 0x02;
@@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ pub fn updateCursor(x: u16, y: u16) void {
     var pos_lower: u16 = undefined;
 
     // Make sure new cursor position is within the screen
-    if (x < HEIGHT and y < WIDTH) {
+    if (x < WIDTH and y < HEIGHT) {
         pos = y * WIDTH + x;
     } else {
         // If not within the screen, then just put the cursor at the very end
@@ -240,8 +239,6 @@ pub fn init() void {
 
     // Set by default the underline cursor
     setCursorShape(CursorShape.UNDERLINE);
-    cursor_scanline_start = CURSOR_SCANLINE_MIDDLE;
-    cursor_scanline_end = CURSOR_SCANLINE_END;
 }
 
 test "entryColour" {