Feature/hello world kernel land, closes #3 (#4)

* prints hello world

* Builds with the zig build system

.gitignore

@@ -37,3 +37,6 @@
 
 # Intellij
 .idea/
+
+# Zig
+zig-cache/

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Compile: zig build-exe kmain.zig -target i386-freestanding --linker-script link.ld
+
+Run: qemu-system-i386 -kernel kmain -curses
+
+To exit qemu: Esc + 2, type `quit`

build.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Zig version: 0.4.0
+
+const Builder = @import("std").build.Builder;
+const builtin = @import("builtin");
+const Array = @import("std").ArrayList;
+
+pub fn build(b: *Builder) void {
+    const kernel_out_dir = "bin/kernel";
+    const kernel_src = "src/kernel/";
+
+    var kernel = b.addExecutable("pluto.elf", kernel_src ++ "kmain.zig");
+    //kernel.addAssemblyFile(kernel_src ++ "start.s");
+
+    kernel.setOutputDir(kernel_out_dir);
+    kernel.setBuildMode(b.standardReleaseOptions());
+    kernel.setTarget(builtin.Arch.i386, builtin.Os.freestanding, builtin.Abi.gnu);
+    kernel.setLinkerScriptPath("link.ld");
+
+    const run_objcopy = b.addSystemCommand([][]const u8 {
+        "objcopy", "-O", "binary", "-S", kernel.getOutputPath(), kernel_out_dir ++ "/pluto.bin",
+    });
+    run_objcopy.step.dependOn(&kernel.step);
+
+    b.default_step.dependOn(&run_objcopy.step);
+
+    const run_qemu = b.addSystemCommand([][]const u8 {
+        "qemu-system-i386",
+        "-display", "curses",
+        "-kernel", kernel.getOutputPath(),
+    });
+
+    const run_qemu_debug = b.addSystemCommand([][]const u8 {
+        "qemu-system-i386",
+        "-display", "curses",
+        "-kernel", kernel.getOutputPath(),
+        "-s", "-S",
+    });
+
+    run_qemu.step.dependOn(&kernel.step);
+    //run_qemu_debug.step.dependOn(&kernel.step);
+
+    b.default_step.dependOn(&run_qemu.step);
+}

link.ld

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+ENTRY(_start)
+
+SECTIONS {
+	. = 1M;
+
+	.text : ALIGN(4K) {
+		KEEP(*(.multiboot))
+		*(.text)
+	}
+
+	.rodata : ALIGN(4K) {
+		*(.rodata)
+	}
+
+	.data : ALIGN(4K) {
+		*(.data)
+	}
+
+	.bss : ALIGN(4K) {
+		*(COMMON)
+		*(.bss)
+	}
+}

src/kernel/kmain.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+//
+// kmain
+// Zig version: 
+// Author: DrDeano
+// Date: 2019-03-30
+//
+const builtin = @import("builtin");
+
+const MultiBoot = packed struct {
+    magic: i32,
+    flags: i32,
+    checksum: i32,
+};
+
+const ALIGN = 1 << 0;
+const MEMINFO = 1 << 1;
+const MAGIC = 0x1BADB002;
+const FLAGS = ALIGN | MEMINFO;
+
+export var multiboot align(4) linksection(".multiboot") = MultiBoot {
+    .magic = MAGIC,
+    .flags = FLAGS,
+    .checksum = -(MAGIC + FLAGS),
+};
+
+export var stack_bytes: [16 * 1024]u8 align(16) linksection(".bss") = undefined;
+const stack_bytes_slice = stack_bytes[0..];
+
+export nakedcc fn _start() noreturn {
+    @newStackCall(stack_bytes_slice, kmain);
+    while (true) {}
+}
+
+pub fn panic(msg: []const u8, error_return_trace: ?*builtin.StackTrace) noreturn {
+    @setCold(true);
+    terminal.write("KERNEL PANIC: ");
+    terminal.write(msg);
+    while (true) {}
+}
+
+fn kmain() void {
+    terminal.initialize();
+    terminal.write("Hello, kernel World!");
+}
+
+// Hardware text mode color constants
+const VGA_COLOUR = enum(u8) {
+    VGA_COLOUR_BLACK,
+    VGA_COLOUR_BLUE,
+    VGA_COLOUR_GREEN,
+    VGA_COLOUR_CYAN,
+    VGA_COLOUR_RED,
+    VGA_COLOUR_MAGENTA,
+    VGA_COLOUR_BROWN,
+    VGA_COLOUR_LIGHT_GREY,
+    VGA_COLOUR_DARK_GREY,
+    VGA_COLOUR_LIGHT_BLUE,
+    VGA_COLOUR_LIGHT_GREEN,
+    VGA_COLOUR_LIGHT_CYAN,
+    VGA_COLOUR_LIGHT_RED,
+    VGA_COLOUR_LIGHT_MAGENTA,
+    VGA_COLOUR_LIGHT_BROWN,
+    VGA_COLOUR_WHITE,
+};
+
+fn vga_entry_colour(fg: VGA_COLOUR, bg: VGA_COLOUR) u8 {
+    return @enumToInt(fg) | (@enumToInt(bg) << 4);
+}
+
+fn vga_entry(uc: u8, colour: u8) u16 {
+    return u16(uc) | (u16(colour) << 8);
+}
+
+const VGA_WIDTH = 80;
+const VGA_HEIGHT = 25;
+
+const terminal = struct {
+    var row = usize(0);
+    var column = usize(0);
+    var colour = vga_entry_colour(VGA_COLOUR.VGA_COLOUR_LIGHT_GREY, VGA_COLOUR.VGA_COLOUR_BLACK);
+
+    const buffer = @intToPtr([*]volatile u16, 0xB8000);
+
+    fn initialize() void {
+        var y = usize(0);
+        while (y < VGA_HEIGHT) : (y += 1) {
+            var x = usize(0);
+            while (x < VGA_WIDTH) : (x += 1) {
+                putCharAt(' ', colour, x, y);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn setColour(new_colour: u8) void {
+        colour = new_colour;
+    }
+
+    fn putCharAt(c: u8, new_colour: u8, x: usize, y: usize) void {
+        const index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
+        buffer[index] = vga_entry(c, new_colour);
+    }
+
+    fn putChar(c: u8) void {
+        putCharAt(c, colour, column, row);
+        column += 1;
+        if (column == VGA_WIDTH) {
+            column = 0;
+            row += 1;
+            if (row == VGA_HEIGHT)
+                row = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write(data: []const u8) void {
+        for (data) |c|
+            putChar(c);
+    }
+};

src/kernel/start.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+	[bits		32]
+	[section	.text]
+
+	[extern		kernel_main]
+start:
+	call	kernel_main
+halt:
+	cli
+	hlt
+	jmp		halt

src/kernel/start.s

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.global _start
+.type _start, @function
+
+_start:
+    call kmain
+halt:
+	cli
+	hlt
+	jmp		halt